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Botanical Classifications
Apiaceae Lindl.
The Apiaceae or Umbelliferae (both names are allowed by the ICBN) are a family of usually aromatic plants with hollow stems, including parsley, carrot, and other relatives. It is a large family with about 300 genera and more than 3,000 species. The earlier name Umbelliferae derives from the inflorescence being in the form of a compound "umbel".
The small flowers are radially symmetrical with 5 small sepals, 5 petals and 5 stamens.
The family contains some highly toxic plants, such as hemlock, which was used to execute Socrates and also used to poison arrow tips. It also contains some highly useful plants, such as carrots, parsley, caraway, and fennel. Many plants in this family, such as wild carrot have estrogenic properties, and have been used as folk medicine for birth control. Most notable for this use is the extinct giant fennel, silphium.
The family is closely related to Araliaceae and the boundaries between these families remain unclear. Some recent systems include Araliaceae in an expanded Apiaceae but this has not been widely followed. Hydrocotyle and Trachymene, traditionally included in Apiaceae, are now generally included in Araliaceae.
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Some common essential oils in the Apiaceae family |
| Anethum graveolens |
Dill Seed, Peucedanum graveolens, Fractus anethi, European dill, American dill. |
| Anethum graveolens |
Dill Weed, Peucedanum graveolens, Fractus anethi, European dill, American dill. |
| Anethum sowa |
Dill Seed (Indian), |
| Angelica archangelica |
Angelica Root, Angelica officinalis, European angelica, garden angelica, holy ghost root, archangel root, dong quai. |
| Angelica archangelica |
Angelica Root Absolute, Angelica officinalis, European angelica, garden angelica, holy ghost root, archangel root, dong quai. |
| Angelica archangelica |
Angelica Seed, Angelica officinalis, European angelica, garden angelica, holy ghost root, archangel root, dong quai. |
| Anthriscus cerefolium |
Chervil, Anthriscus longirostris, Garden chervil, salad chervil. |
| Apium graveolens |
Celery Seed, Celery fruit. |
| Carum Carvi |
Caraway, Apium carvi carum, caraway fruit. |
| Coriandrum sativum |
Coriander, Dizzycorn, Chinese parsley. |
| Cuminum cyminum |
Cumin, Cuminum odorum, cummin, Roman caraway. |
| Daucus carota |
Carrot Seed, Wild carrot, Queen Anne's lace, bird's nest, carrot seed oil. |
| Ferula assa-foetida |
Asafetida, Asafoetida, gum asafetida, devil's dung, food of the gods, giant fennel. |
| Ferula assa-foetida |
Asafetida Absolute, Asafoetida, gum asafetida, devil's dung, food of the gods, giant fennel. |
| Ferula assa-foetida |
Asafetida Resinoid, Asafoetida, gum asafetida, devil's dung, food of the gods, giant fennel. |
| Ferula gummosa |
Galbanum, Ferula gumosa, galbanum gum, galbanum resin, bubonium. |
| Foeniculum vulgare |
Fennel Bitter, Anethum foeniculum, Foeniculum officinalis, Foeniculum capillaceum, fenkel. |
| Foeniculum vulgare |
Fennel Sweet, Anethum foeniculum, Foeniculum officinalis, Foeniculum capillaceum, fenkel. |
| Levisticum officinale |
Lovage, Angelica levisticum, ligusticum levisticul, smallage, maggi herb, garden lovage, common lovage, old English lovage, Italian lovage, Cornish lovage. |
| Petroselinum sativum |
Parsley Herb, Parsley Seed, Petroselinum hortense, Apium petroselinum, carum petroselinum, common parsley, garden parsley. |
| Pimpinella anisum |
Anise Seed, Aniseed, Anisum officinalis, Anisum vulgaris, anise, sweet cumin. |
| Trachyspermum copticum |
Ajowan Seed, Trachyspermum ammi, Ammi copticum, Carum copticum, Carum ajowan, Ptychotis ajowan, ajwain, ajuan, omum, ajvan, true bishop's weed. |
| Trachyspermum copticum |
Ajowan Herb, Trachyspermum ammi, Ammi copticum, Carum copticum, Carum ajowan, Ptychotis ajowan, ajwain, ajuan, omum, ajvan, true bishop's weed. |
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